Design and development of four port wideband high isolation Koch Curve Fractal MIMO antenna

Al Gburi, Ahmed Jamal Abdullah and Kumar, Ashwini and Dewa, Basudha and Kumar Jain, Amit and Rawat, Pratish and Zakaria, Zahriladha (2025) Design and development of four port wideband high isolation Koch Curve Fractal MIMO antenna. Progress in Electromagnetics Research B, 112. pp. 15-27. ISSN 1937-6472

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Abstract

An innovative four-port Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) Multi-Input Multi-Output Antenna (MIMOA) based on a Koch Curve Fractal (KCF) with high isolation is proposed in this article. The High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) is used for performance analysis and parametric optimization. Initially, a KCF-based CPW-fed single-element patch antenna is designed, which is later transformed into a four-port MIMOA (FPMIMOA). The proposed MIMOA is fabricated on an FR4 substrate and offers a wide impedance bandwidth of 1.23 GHz (4.46–5.69 GHz), centered at 4.92 GHz. It exhibits excellent diversity performance, including a Channel Capacity Loss (CCL) of less than 0.4 bits/s/Hz, an Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) below 0.004, a Diversity Gain (DG) greater than 9.8, a Mean Effective Gain (MEG) below 3 dB, and a Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC) less than −20 dB from Port 1 to the other ports. It also demonstrates an isolation level of 28 dB across the operating band. Furthermore, the proposed MIMOA achieves a high radiation efficiency (η) of 94% and a gain of 3.14 dBi. The antenna has been fabricated and experimentally tested to validate the simulated results. This MIMOA is suitable for applications such as public safety, the 5G sub-6 GHz band (4.8–5.0 GHz), and the 5.2 GHz Wireless LAN (5.15–5.35 GHz).

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: Channel capacity, Coplanar waveguides, Electric impedance, Fractals, Microwave antennas, MIMO systems
Divisions: Faculty Of Electronics And Computer Technology And Engineering
Depositing User: Norfaradilla Idayu Ab. Ghafar
Date Deposited: 13 May 2026 00:49
Last Modified: 13 May 2026 00:49
URI: http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/29696
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