Optimizing solar still performance: The synergistic effects of river rocks and Peltier modules

Md Yusop, Azdiana and Norhisham, Muhammad Faiz and Zakaria, Muhammad Hafizzullah and Sulaiman, Noor Asyikin and Khamil, Khairun Nisa and Mohd Sultan, Juwita and Mohd Isira, Ahmad Sadhiqin (2026) Optimizing solar still performance: The synergistic effects of river rocks and Peltier modules. International Journal of Energy and Water Resources, 10 (29). pp. 1-18. ISSN 2538-3604

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Abstract

Access to clean water remains a critical global challenge, particularly in off-grid regions where conventional purification systems are energy-intensive or impractical. While solar stills offer a sustainable solution, their widespread adoption is limited by low efficiency, lack of real-time monitoring, and climate-dependent performance; issues inadequately addressed in prior studies. This work bridges these gaps by developing a hemispherical solar still (HSS) integrated with Peltier modules and river rocks, augmented by IoT-based sensors for real-time control. The study systematically evaluates four configurations; HSS, Hemispherical Solar Still-River Rock (HSSRR), Hemispherical Solar Still-Peltier (HSSP), Hemispherical Solar Still- River Rock-Peltier (HSSRRP) to quantify the synergistic effects of active heating and thermal mass storage on evaporation rates. Results demonstrate that the HSSRRP design achieves a 390% increase in water output (108 mL/day) compared to baseline, while maintaining safe pH levels (7.25) through automated monitoring. Crucially, the work addresses scalability barriers by analyzing climate adaptability and user-friendly interfaces for non-technical operators. These advancements position the system as a viable, efficient solution for decentralized water purification, particularly in Sunbelt regions.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Hemispherical solar still, Thermoelectric, Water purification, Real-time monitoring, River rocks, Peltier
Divisions:	Faculty Of Electronics And Computer Technology And Engineering
Depositing User:	Norfaradilla Idayu Ab. Ghafar
Date Deposited:	13 May 2026 02:02
Last Modified:	13 May 2026 02:02
URI:	http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/29715
Statistic Details:	View Download Statistic

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