Abdullah, Muhammad Ilman Hakimi Chua and Mohamad Fazdhli, Fawzan Hanafi and Omar, Mohammad Rafi and Khashi’ie, Najiyah Safwa and Abdollah, Mohd Fadzli bin and Mukhtar, Mohd Fariduddin and Mohamad, Effendi and Abdullah, Rohana and Waini, Iskandar and Puspitasari, Poppy and Permanasari, Avita Ayu (2026) Optimization of tribological performance of extracted waste banana peel oil reinforced with multi-layer graphene nanoparticles using response surface methodology. International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration, 13 (136). pp. 319-334. ISSN 2394-5443
![[img]](http://eprints.utem.edu.my/style/images/fileicons/text.png) |
Text
024610504202694553113.pdf Available under License Creative Commons Attribution. Download (959kB) |
Abstract
The incorporation of nanoparticles into bio-waste materials has recently gained attention in the field of tribology. Banana peel (BP), a promising bio-waste, shows potential for producing lubricant oil. While the performance of pure banana peel oil (BPO) has been promising, further enhancement is necessary to ensure stable performance. To address this, graphene nanoparticles (GNPs) are introduced as they are known to improve material characteristics and enhance oil performance. This study evaluates the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear scar diameter (WSD). The BPO-GNP mixture is optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) in Minitab software, employing a Box-Behnken design (BBD). The effects of factors such as homogenization time, volume percentage, and graphene type are examined in this study. The COF and WSD results are analyzed using Pareto charts and surface plots. The analysis reveals that the effects of each factor on COF are relatively minor. In contrast, homogenization time and graphene type have significant effects on WSD, with a p-value of 0.04. The results suggest that a homogenization time of 30 minutes and the use of research-grade graphene yield the optimal combination for minimizing WSD.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Banana peel oil, Bio-waste lubricant, Graphene nanoparticles, Response surface methodology, Tribological performance, Wear scar diameter |
| Divisions: | Faculty Of Mechanical Technology And Engineering |
| Depositing User: | Sabariah Ismail |
| Date Deposited: | 13 Jul 2026 07:21 |
| Last Modified: | 13 Jul 2026 07:21 |
| URI: | http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/29988 |
| Statistic Details: | View Download Statistic |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |