Unlocking the tribological behaviour of unsaturated banana oil infused with different layer types of graphene nanoparticles

Abdullah, Muhammad Ilman Hakimi Chua and Mohamad Fazdhli, Fawzan Hanafi and Abdollah, Mohd Fadzli and Mohamad, Effendi and Abdullah, Rohana and Sundi @ Suandi, Syahrul Azwan and Waini, Iskandar and Khashi’ie, Najiyah Safwa and Puspitasari, Poppy and Avita, Ayu (2025) Unlocking the tribological behaviour of unsaturated banana oil infused with different layer types of graphene nanoparticles. Jurnal Tribologi, 48. pp. 198-213. ISSN 2289-7232

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Abstract

Developing bio-based lubricants from banana peel oil is emerging as a promising alternative to conventional lubricants. Infusing this biolubricant with graphene nanoparticles has the potential to enhance its tribological performance significantly by creating a tribofilm at the contact surface. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of graphene-infused banana peel oil, with a focus on its tribological behaviour. Oil was extracted using Soxhlet extraction, and nanoparticle infusion was accomplished using ultrasonic homogenization. Tribological tests were conducted using the 4-ball tribometer to record the coefficient of friction (CoF) and wear scar diameter (WSD). The results showed that Sample 8 (0.5 vol%, 20 minutes, industrial graphene) obtained the best tribological performance, with the lowest CoF (0.0825) and WSD (137 µm), while Sample 13 (0.3 vol%, 20 minutes, technical graphene) presented the highest COF (0.0939). Sample 14 (0.3 vol%, 20 minutes, technical graphene) exhibited the most severe wear in WSD value (170 µm). In addition, Sample 8 demonstrated Graphene’s crystal structure and its types having optimised composition to help reduce friction and wear by forming a protective layer that minimised direct surface contact. Furthermore, the developed bio-lubricants also demonstrated similar lubricant performance when compared to conventional engine oil.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Banana peel, Bio-based oil, Graphene, Nanoparticles, Tribology
Divisions:	Faculty Of Mechanical Technology And Engineering
Depositing User:	Sabariah Ismail
Date Deposited:	13 Jul 2026 07:22
Last Modified:	13 Jul 2026 07:22
URI:	http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/29989
Statistic Details:	View Download Statistic

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