Miniaturization of high sensitivity defected ground structure based microwave sensor for material characterization

Misran, Mohamad Harris and Meor Said, Maizatul Alice and Othman, Mohd Azlishah and Shairi, Noor Azwan and Zakaria, Zahriladha and Darsono, Abd Majid and Babale, Suleiman Aliyu and Idris, Mohd Zahid (2025) Miniaturization of high sensitivity defected ground structure based microwave sensor for material characterization. Jurnal Kejuruteraan, 38 (1). pp. 289-300. ISSN 0128-0198

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Abstract

One of the primary challenges in the advancement of microwave sensor technology lies in achieving an optimal balance between miniaturization and operational performance. Miniaturization often leads to a reduction in sensitivity and measurement accuracy, thereby limiting the practical applicability of compact microwave sensors. To address this issue, this study proposes the development of a high-precision microwave sensor based on a Defected Ground Structure (DGS), fabricated on a 1.6 mm-thick FR-4 substrate. The sensor design incorporates a 2-Ring Square Split Ring Resonator (SSRR) embedded within the DGS configuration to enhance electromagnetic field confinement and improve sensing capabilities. The sensor’s performance was systematically evaluated by examining the effect of dimensional scaling on its sensitivity. In particular, variations in the resonant frequency of the transmission coefficient (S21 ) were analyzed as a function of sensor size reduction. Through an extensive optimization process, the sensor’s physical footprint was successfully reduced by 58%, without compromising the integrity of the DGS architecture. Prior to miniaturization, the sensor demonstrated an accuracy of approximately 81%. Following the size reduction, accuracy markedly improved to 98%, representing a significant enhancement in detection capabilities. This improvement is primarily attributed to the optimization of the surface current distribution intensity, which resulted in stronger localized electromagnetic fields and heightened responsiveness to minor perturbations in the sensor’s environment. Thus, the optimized miniaturized sensor presents a promising solution for high-precision, compact microwave sensing applications, maintaining high sensitivity and reliability despite a substantial decrease in physical dimensions.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Defected ground structure, High accuracy, High sensitivity, Microwave sensor, Miniaturization, Split ring resonator
Divisions:	Faculty Of Electronics And Computer Technology And Engineering
Depositing User:	Sabariah Ismail
Date Deposited:	20 Jul 2026 08:24
Last Modified:	20 Jul 2026 08:24
URI:	http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/30173
Statistic Details:	View Download Statistic

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