Wideband 1 × 2 tree-shaped fractal antenna array with gain enhancement and sidelobe level reduction for sub-6 GHz 5G applications

Al Gburi, Ahmed Jamal Abdullah and Elabd, Rania Hamdy and Megahed, Amany A. (2025) Wideband 1 × 2 tree-shaped fractal antenna array with gain enhancement and sidelobe level reduction for sub-6 GHz 5G applications. Results in Optics, 21. pp. 1-11. ISSN 2666-9501

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Abstract

This research presents a wideband (WB) 1 × 2 tree-shaped fractal antenna (TFA) array designed for sub-6 GHz 5G applications, featuring sidelobe level (SLL) reduction and gain enhancement. The array consists of two linearly arranged TFAs combined with a Wilkinson power divider (WPD) using a single-feed configuration. The WPD is selected due to its wide bandwidth, strong suppression factor, compact size, simple structure, excellent port isolation, and low insertion loss. A single TFA element, fabricated on a Rogers RT5880 substrate with a relative permittivity of 2.2 and a thickness of 1.57 mm, has dimensions of 38.5 × 49.5 mm2. It operates from 2.2 GHz to beyond 5 GHz, achieving a gain of 2.2–4.5 dBi. The proposed 1 × 2 array layout measures 76.5 × 81.36 mm2 and employs defected ground structure (DGS) and stub-loading techniques to suppress SLL and enhance gain. The array achieves a reflection coefficient better than –25 dB and an SLL of –13.2 dB. At the resonance frequency of 3.5 GHz, the gain improves significantly, rising from 3.2 dBi (single element) to 7.5 dBi (array). Simulated and experimental results confirm excellent agreement, validating the effectiveness of the proposed design.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	5G, Array, Sub 6 GHz, Tree shaped fractal antenna (TFA), Wide band (WB), Wilkinson power divider (WPD)
Divisions:	Faculty Of Electronics And Computer Technology And Engineering
Depositing User:	Sabariah Ismail
Date Deposited:	18 Aug 2026 04:14
Last Modified:	18 Aug 2026 04:14
URI:	http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/30314
Statistic Details:	View Download Statistic

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