Ulul Azmin, Ahmad Syamil (2024) Efficiency improvement of NRMM’s FC-battery powertrain in cold weather with PCM-based waste heat recovery. Masters thesis, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka.
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Abstract
This thesis focuses on enhancing energy efficiency in Non-Road Mobile Machinery (NRMM) powertrains for operating in cold climates by utilizing FC (FC) -battery powertrain system. This research investigates the effectiveness of proposed heating system which utilize FC coolant’s heat for waste heat recovery (WHR) system through phase change material (PCM) application in outperforming conventional heating system which use Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) heater in preheating FC, battery and cabin during operation under cold weather. This proposed heating system can address significant heat loss from FC stack and high-power demand by PTC heater, hence enabling powertrain to reduce reliance on PTC heater. Using GT-Suite software, a full system model which incorporates subsystems like FC, battery, propulsion and hydraulic systems integrated with conventional and proposed heating systems was developed and simulated. Two simulations were run to compare the conventional and proposed system during startup and middle NRMM operation respectively during cold weather. Results showed the uses of proposed PCM-based WHR system on subsequent working day able to reduce up to 51.12% of energy consumption on auxiliary loads, give 7.5 minutes faster preheating time, eliminate mismatches between heat supply and demand and offer higher final battery SOC level on FC-battery powertrain system. Ultimately, this study demonstrates that advanced WHR through PCM significantly improves the powertrain's energy efficiency in cold weather thus offering a practical solution for NRMM applications. Future recommendations include experimental validation and techno-economic analysis for system performance verification and cost-effectiveness evaluation.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Waste-heat engines, Heat -- Transmission, Heat recovery -- Equiment and supplies |
| Divisions: | Library > Tesis > FTKM |
| Depositing User: | Norhairol Khalid |
| Date Deposited: | 18 Aug 2026 08:04 |
| Last Modified: | 18 Aug 2026 08:04 |
| URI: | http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/30342 |
| Statistic Details: | View Download Statistic |
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