Nor Aini, Syarif OPTIMIZATION OF LEAD-FREE CS2TICL6 BASED PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELLS USING SCAPS-1D AND HYBRID TAGUCHI–GRA WITH GENETIC ALGORITHM. Project Report. Melaka, Malaysia, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka. (Submitted)
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Abstract
Perovskite solar cells have attracted significant research interest due to their high power conversion efficiency, low fabrication cost, and excellent optoelectronic properties. The use of traditional lead-based perovskites is problematic due to lead toxicity, however, which poses significant environmental and health issues and prevents widespread adoption and commercialization for sustained use. Thus, the development of safer and environmentally friendly perovskite photovoltaic devices is becoming a key research area in the search for materials free of the toxic element lead. In this research, a perovskite solar cell with Csâ‚‚TiCl₆ material is designed and simulated with the SCAPS-1D software, which is a lead-free material. The photovoltaic performance of the device was measured using open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF) and power conversion efficiency (PCE). The baseline simulation achieved a Voc of 1.014 V, Jsc of 20.32 mA/cm², FF of 88.06%, and PCE of 18.14%. Parametric analysis was conducted by varying selected parameters, including layer thickness, absorber doping concentration, and absorber defect density, to investigate their effects on device performance. The Taguchi method was then applied using an orthogonal array to reduce the number of simulations run, while Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) was used to evaluate multiple ii photovoltaic responses simultaneously. Finally, Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization was applied to further refine the optimized parameters and obtain a simulated PCE of 24.25%. In conclusion, this study shows that the hybrid Taguchi–GRA with GA approach can be an effective and systematic technique for optimizing the performance of the Csâ‚‚TiCl₆-based perovskite solar cells. The results offer a simulation-based design of stable, environmentally friendly and lead-free perovskite solar cell devices prior to experimental fabrication.
| Item Type: | Monograph (Project Report) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Lead-free perovskite solar cells,Cs₂TiCl₆ |
| Divisions: | Library > Projek Sarjana Muda > FTKEK |
| Depositing User: | Burairah Hussin |
| Date Deposited: | 14 Aug 2026 05:27 |
| Last Modified: | 14 Aug 2026 05:27 |
| URI: | http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/30371 |
| Statistic Details: | View Download Statistic |
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