A wearable Coplanar Vivaldi Antenna (CVA) for Internet of Things (IoT)-based toddler stunting detection

Nurhayati, Nurhayati and Rosyadi, Mohammad As'ad and Al Gburi, Ahmed Jamal Abdullah and Zain, Ismaini and Mariana, Rina Rifqie and Adi, Annis Catur and Muslihah, Nurul and Ruhana, Amalia (2025) A wearable Coplanar Vivaldi Antenna (CVA) for Internet of Things (IoT)-based toddler stunting detection. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 15 (5). pp. 26564-26575. ISSN 2241-4487

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Abstract

Stunting is a significant health issue affecting the growth of children under five, particularly in developing countries. This study aims to develop a portable stunting detection system integrated with a wearable Coplanar Vivaldi Antenna (CVA) using the Internet of Things (IoT) and an ESP32 microcontroller. The system comprises two components: a hat embedded with ultrasonic and flex sensors for measuring height and head circumference, and a platform equipped with a load cell sensor to measure body weight. The ESP-NOW communication protocol is implemented to enable real-time data synchronization. The CVA is integrated into the hat to enable wireless data transmission via IoT to the receiver unit. A parametric study of the CVA was conducted to investigate the effects of cavity width and corrugation. Simulation results show that a CVA with a cavity radius of 3.5 mm achieves an S11 below –10 dB across 1.98–3.76 GHz and 5.27–10.84 GHz, (133.17% bandwidth). Variations in the corrugated structure lead to differences in directivity, with the highest gain observed in CVA type C at 7.858 dBi. CVA type J demonstrates resonances at 2.39 GHz (–35.05 dB) and 5.87 GHz (–28.99 dB). The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) was measured using a child voxel with a value of 0.279 W/kg. Testing shows high accuracy, with error rates of 0.16% for height, 0.13% for head circumference, and 0.08% for body weight, with a data transmission success rate of 93% up to 20 m. The system also calculates Z-scores based on World Health Organization (WHO) standards.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Antenna, Anthropometric, Internet of Things (IoT), Specific absorption rate (SAR), Wearable antenna
Divisions:	Faculty Of Electronics And Computer Technology And Engineering
Depositing User:	Sabariah Ismail
Date Deposited:	23 Feb 2026 01:29
Last Modified:	23 Feb 2026 01:29
URI:	http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/29510
Statistic Details:	View Download Statistic

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