A novel hybrid design of HHO generator cell for improved engine performance and emission

Sudrajat, Ajat (2022) A novel hybrid design of HHO generator cell for improved engine performance and emission. Doctoral thesis, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka.

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Abstract

Hydrogen technology and its application as renewable energy shows growing interest due its carbon free and high calorific value. The hydrogen production via electrolysis has been well known in wet cell as well as dry cell system that can produce Hydrogen-HydrogenOxygen (HHO) gas. In both HHO generators design, uses perforated electrode plates, resulting in erosion at the edges of the plate thus cause current leakage between the electrode plates and overheating. In the wet cell system, the electrodes are submerged in a liquid electrolyte thus requires high energy, cause rise in temperature, produce unstable HHO gas and triggered safety issue. The dry cell system uses only liquid electrolyte between the electrodes but also suffer from discontinuity of HHO gas production, high energy requirements and temperature increased therefore need Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) to regulate the power supplied. This study aims to overcome the above problems with both cell design. Therefore, the objectives are to design and development of a Novel hybrid HHO by integrating both wet and dry cell concept, to characterize the SS316L plate for optimum H2 production and to evaluate HHO generator with real engine for performance and emission evaluation. In integrating the wet and dry cell concept, the best features of HHO cell were identified and developed to take advantage of its benefits such as material selection, plate configurations, electrolyte pH level, safety features, cooling circulation and assembly. SS316L plate have been selected with sizing and number of plate determination was performed via experiments. Then, surface treatment for SS316L electrode plate was performed by grinding to a specific roughness and polishing for uniformity. Its surface quality was later characterized and experimented with respect to HHO gas production before and after the treatment until reached optimum specification found in the ranged of 1.0-1.5 µm and 50g of KOH. Finally, the newly developed HHO cell were tested in Yamaha 150 hp/2560 cc marine as well as 30hp/150 cc motorcycle engine for validation. The results for SS316L electrolyzer plate before the treatment was approximately 1.0 - 2.0 µm and reduced to 1.0 -1.5 µm after the treatment therefore meeting the desired specification. The electrodes before treatment, produce is 847.46 ml/min of HHO gas with 14 V, 8.038 Amp while after treatment showed 11% increase in HHO gas at 961.54 ml/min with 14 V, 8.594 Amp. The marine engines show a fuel consumption saving of around 20-30% and temperatures were maintained below 40o C. The motorcycle test shows increase in engine performance with 0.4% power, 0.89% torque and reduction of emission include CO 25.49%, CO2 34%, NOx 80.92% and HC 30%. Based on the result obtained, the newly developed integrated HHO generator have proven to be more durable, stable and produce optimized HHO gas capable of reducing fuel consumption, improving engine power and torque as well as significant emission reduction. The patented HHO cooling system have proven to maintain its working temperature well below 40o C which allow longer operation and less maintenance. This finding is showing promising future for the Novel hybrid HHO generator in the internal combustion engine. Its potential in transportation as well as energy industry have wider applications especially in the sustainable energy development initiative launched around the globe.

Item Type:	Thesis (Doctoral)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Fuel cells, Hydrogen as fuel, Engines, Renewable energy sources
Subjects:	T Technology > T Technology (General) T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
Divisions:	Library > Tesis > FKM
Depositing User:	F Haslinda Harun
Date Deposited:	16 Oct 2023 10:02
Last Modified:	16 Oct 2023 10:02
URI:	http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/26907
Statistic Details:	View Download Statistic

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