Abd Ghani, Anis Aqilah (2024) Clay reinforced recycled biaxially-oriented polypropylene composites through water-assisted melt compounding for concrete fine aggregates. Masters thesis, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka.
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Clay reinforced recycled biaxially-oriented polypropylene composites through water-assisted melt compounding for concrete fine aggregates.pdf - Submitted Version Download (599kB) |
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Clay reinforced recycled biaxially-oriented polypropylene composites through water-assisted melt compounding for concrete fine aggregates.pdf - Submitted Version Restricted to Registered users only Download (6MB) |
Abstract
Natural aggregate depletion has becoming a global problem despite increased structural construction demands. Besides, accumulating plastic waste is a big challenge people face worldwide. Transforming waste plastics into construction aggregates appeared to be a sensible solution to both problems. However, 1) the low interaction between plastic aggregates with organic cement lowers the strength of concretes, and 2) the high temperature of the conventional melt compounding process of plastic aggregates becomes the ultimate concern that needs to be addressed further. This study used recycled biaxially-oriented polypropylene (rBOPP) waste provided by San Miguel Plastic Film Sdn. Bhd. In Stage 1, the rBOPP was compounded with kaolin clay using a water-assisted compounding process. The process parameters (temperature: 130 to 180 ○C; time: 5 to 10 minutes) and formulation (% clay: 0 to 10 wt%; % water: 0 to 10 wt%) were optimized with the help of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using a two-level factorial design. The optimum parameters to produce plastic composite aggregates (PCA) were 1 wt% kaolin clay, 10 wt% water at a temperature of 180○C and a time of 5 minutes with a tensile strength of ~32MPa. Then, the PCA and rBOPP without clay (PWA) were bulk produced in a plastic factory and further validated for physical and mechanical properties. The PCA and PWA were tested for physical and mechanical properties per standards ASTM D792, ASTM D1895, ASTM D2240 and ASTM D638. The PCA had enhanced tensile strength and tensile modulus with an increment of 1.2 and 8 % compared to PWA. The properties were supported with morphological analysis through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), compositional analysis through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and structural analysis through X-ray diffractometry (XRD). In Stage 2, the optimum formulation of PCA at different ratios (10 wt%, 15 wt% and 20 wt%) was tested for the workability and compressive strength of M20 concrete mixtures against the natural aggregates (NA) and PWA. The M20 mixed concretes were produced by hand and tested using a slump test and compression test according to the BS standard of EN 2390-3: 2019 and BS EN 12390: 3: 2000. It was found that PCA concrete using 10 wt% showed a slump value of 27 mm and compressive strength of 29 MPa. The data were supported by morphological characteristics and stability of concrete structures through camera images, optical microscopy (OM) and SEM. The optimum amount of PCA is proven to produce concrete with good workability and significant compressive strength. It is also proven that PCA aggregates with clay particles can strengthen the concrete by 30% compared to PWA. The finding of this study is an alternative to solve both issues of natural aggregate depletion and plastic pollution. It benefits construction and plastic manufacturers to adopt green materials and greener waste management.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Natural aggregate depletion, Plastic waste, Recycled biaxially-oriented polypropylene |
| Divisions: | Library > Tesis > FTKIP |
| Depositing User: | Muhamad Hafeez Zainudin |
| Date Deposited: | 27 Dec 2024 08:45 |
| Last Modified: | 27 Dec 2024 08:45 |
| URI: | http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/28327 |
| Statistic Details: | View Download Statistic |
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