Mesri, Masturah (2022) Influence of eggshell loading on sintering mechanism of green glass ceramic composite for physico-mechanical performance. Masters thesis, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka.
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Abstract
This research aims to develop fundamental information for the fabrication of green glass ceramic composite (GCC) from waste materials which are recycled soda lime silicate glass (SLSG) and spent bleach earth (SBE) filled with eggshell (ES). The effects of ES loading on performance in terms of physical properties, mechanical properties, microstructure and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at different sintering temperatures using direct sintering was studied. In the first part, the recycled SLSG, SBE and ES were characterised on the thermal properties, phases, and element in each of the materials. The main elements of SLSG were silica (SiO₂) and sodium oxide (Na₂O), SBE were silica (SiO₂) and calcium oxide (CaO) and for calcined ES was calcium oxide (CaO), which were determined via X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis. Glass transition temperature (Tg) of SLSG was determined at 514.54 °C, SBE was at 680.60°C and calcined ES at 432.84°C using themogravimetry analysis (TGA), respectively. In the second part, the green body samples filled with ES at 0, 5, 10 and 15 wt. % subjected to the thermal treatments at different sintering temperatures of 750 °C, 800 °C, 850°C and 900°C with constant heating rate and holding time. Changes in apparent porosity and water absorption, where low percentages of apparent porosity (12.97 %) and water absorption (12.39 %) were observed upon increasing the ES loading at 15 weight percent at different sintering temperatures, provided a good indication of the relationships between the physical properties of green GCC and heat treatment conditions. The percentage of the linear shrinkage and bulk density increased at 1.06 g/cm³ and -9.59%, respectively. The latter was supported by Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) analysis where the number pores were minimised as ES wt% increased at high sintering temperature, 900°C. The hardness and flexural strength were also increased as ES wt% loading increased. This indicates that the SLSG/SBE was strongly influenced by the presence of ES of an appreciable inclusion as filler. In addition, the quality of the particle composite depended on the filler weight fraction and pores content. The physico-mechanical properties were correlated to the crystalline phases present in the system green GCC. The crystalline phases showed that quartz, cristabolite, coesite and wollastonite were the main crystalline phases that appeared from XRD. Crystalline phases exhibited high intensity when the sintering temperature increased. High intensity of cristobalite crystal peaks improves flexural strength and hardness to 54.82 MPa and 1011.64 HV, respectively. The changes in the sintering temperatures causes a significant variation in morphology of the green GCC from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. SEM photomicrographs displayed that the investigation of surface fracture through fractography indicated that the surfaces revealed the presence of number of pores was minimised, whereas the microstructure was more densified at high content eggshell. Finally, all data experiments were analysed via ANOVA showed an optimum green GCC in this research was sample of 15 wt. % of ES loading at 900°C sintering temperature. Finally, a new an optimum schedule of heat treatment temperature was developed based on their overall results are very promising and used as a benchmark for fabrication of SLSG/ES glass-ceramic composite applications in the structural industry.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Materials, Mechanical properties, Thermal properties, Sintering Filler (Materials), Composite materials, Effect of temperature on |
| Subjects: | T Technology > T Technology (General) T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) |
| Divisions: | Library > Tesis > FKP |
| Depositing User: | F Haslinda Harun |
| Date Deposited: | 03 Jul 2023 12:11 |
| Last Modified: | 03 Jul 2023 12:11 |
| URI: | http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/26882 |
| Statistic Details: | View Download Statistic |
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