Sri Mayasari (2025) A model for measuring the effectiveness of canting work stations in Indonesia’s hand-written batik industry. Doctoral thesis, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka.
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Abstract
Batik is Indonesia's cultural heritage that is respected globally, and increasing productivity in the Batik industry is an effort to preserve it. Data shows that the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has experienced a decline since 2016, with a drop of 75% from 2016 to 2020, highlighting the need for improvements in productivity. The hand-written Batik, is considered the most original and has high artistic value. This research explores the impact of using manual Canting tools in hand-written Batik industry on human work effectiveness by focusing on measuring mental workload. The Batik industry has an important role in contributing to the national economy. Lack of current model include physical and mental workload further limits the understanding of human effectiveness in this context, while in this research on the Batik Canting process are the limitations in comprehensively measuring mental and physical workload, as well as in implementing appropriate ergonomics at Batik workstations. Additionally, the exploration of mental workload in the Canting process remains limited, existing models also do not fully capture the unique demands of the Canting process, which requires high levels of technique and precision. This contribution needs to be supported by increasing productivity through developing the human effectiveness of manual Canting process workers. Current workload measurement models are generally not specifically designed to measure the unique mental load associated with manual Canting activity, and current models also do not specifically consider the impact of physical workload on worker’s mental load. This research aim to provide a human effectiveness measure for manual Canting work system that based on ergonomic issues and mental workload. This research has four objectives: (i) defining the components in the manual Canting work system; (ii) analyzing the relationship between manual Canting work systems and ergonomic issues; (iii) developing a measurement model of the impact of the manual Canting work system on human effectiveness, with an emphasis on measuring the mental workload; and (iv) validating the proposed measurement model. The approach applied in this study includes various methods to achieve the predetermined research objectives. Interviews and observations for 1st objective; Nordic Body Map (NMB) survey, Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), Percentage of Cardiovascular Load (%CVL), Anthropometer, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA- TLX) for 2nd objective; literature review and Forum Group Discussion (FGD) for 3rd objective; and validity, reliability, Spearman correlation, and regression analysis tests for 4th objective. The research results show that the manual Canting work system consists of four main stages (i.e Heating wax, setting the stable temperature. Manual Canting process until it is completed and ready for coloring). Analysis of the relationship between manual Canting work systems and ergonomic issues revealed a correlation between age and work experience with ergonomic problems, as well as providing recommendations in improve design of tools and equipment with the ergonomic design. This research develops a measurement model with adoption of nine dimensions of mental workload, including three new dimensions that reflect unique aspects of the manual Canting work system. Validation results confirm the reliability and relevance of this model in measuring the impact of manual Canting work systems on human effectiveness. This research guides hand-written Batik industry to manage the mental workload of Canting workers, to improve their well-being and productivity, and to support the growth and sustainability of Batik industry.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Batik Industry, Workstation, Canting, Effectiveness, Measure. |
| Subjects: | T Technology T Technology > TS Manufactures |
| Divisions: | Institute of Technology Management And Entrepreneurship |
| Depositing User: | Norhairol Khalid |
| Date Deposited: | 21 Jan 2026 07:24 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Jan 2026 07:24 |
| URI: | http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/29458 |
| Statistic Details: | View Download Statistic |
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